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A transvaginal scan (TVS ultrasound) is an advanced ultrasound technique used to obtain detailed images of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and fallopian tubes.
Unlike an abdominal ultrasound, which is performed externally, a transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a small probe into the vagina to provide clearer, high-resolution images of the pelvic region.
This scan is commonly used in early pregnancy detection, fertility treatments, and diagnosing gynecological conditions such as ovarian cysts, fibroids, and endometriosis.
What Is a Transvaginal Scan?
A transvaginal scan (TVS) is a type of pelvic ultrasound that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the female reproductive system. The term "transvaginal" means "through the vagina," indicating that the ultrasound probe is inserted into the vaginal canal for better imaging.
The probe, known as a transducer, emits sound waves that bounce off internal structures, producing real-time images of the uterus, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic organs.
Since the transducer is placed closer to the reproductive organs, a transvaginal scan provides sharper and more detailed images compared to an external pelvic ultrasound.
Who Is It For?
A transvaginal ultrasound may be recommended for:
1. Women Experiencing Pelvic Pain or Abnormal Bleeding
Identifies the cause of irregular periods, heavy bleeding, or unexplained pelvic pain and helps detect fibroids, polyps, or endometrial abnormalities.
2. Women Suspected of Having Gynecological Conditions
Diagnoses conditions like ovarian cysts, endometriosis, pelvic infections, and uterine fibroids.
3. Pregnant Women
Confirms early pregnancy and detects complications such as ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage risk.
4. Women Undergoing Fertility Treatments
Monitors follicle development and ovulation in women undergoing treatments like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) or IUI (Intrauterine Insemination).
5. Postmenopausal Women
Evaluates thinning of the uterine lining or postmenopausal bleeding to detect signs of endometrial cancer or atrophy.
Since this scan provides detailed visualization of pelvic structures, it is a preferred imaging technique for diagnosing various reproductive health concerns.
Read More: A Deep Dive into Follicle Tracking via Follicular Ultrasounds for Fertility Success
Why Do You Need a Transvaginal Scan?
A transvaginal ultrasound is performed to:
1. Detect Early Pregnancy and Fetal Development
- Confirms pregnancy earlier than an abdominal ultrasound.
- Monitors embryo growth, heartbeat, and location in the uterus.
2. Diagnose Gynecological Conditions
- Helps detect ovarian cysts, fibroids, polyps, and tumors.
- Identifies endometrial abnormalities that may affect fertility.
3. Evaluate Unexplained Pelvic Pain or Bleeding
- Determines the cause of heavy bleeding, irregular cycles, or pelvic pain.
- Assesses for conditions like uterine infections, adhesions, or endometriosis.
4. Assist in Fertility Treatments
- Tracks follicle development and ovulation timing.
- Helps assess the thickness of the uterine lining, which is crucial for successful embryo implantation.
5. Examine Postmenopausal Symptoms
- Investigates postmenopausal bleeding for potential endometrial or uterine issues.
- Screens for early signs of gynecological cancers.
A transvaginal scan helps doctors diagnose conditions quickly and accurately, leading to better treatment decisions.
Read More: Deep Dive into 3D/4D Pregnancy Scans
Preparation for a Transvaginal Scan
Preparing for a transvaginal ultrasound is simple and requires minimal effort.
1. Empty Your Bladder
Unlike an abdominal ultrasound, which requires a full bladder, a transvaginal scan is best performed with an empty bladder for better imaging.
2. Wear Comfortable Clothing
Wear loose and comfortable clothing to allow easy access to the scan area.
3. Inform Your Radiologist of Any Concerns
If you are pregnant or suspect pregnancy, let your radiologist know before the procedure. Discuss any discomfort, infections, or vaginal conditions beforehand.
4. No Special Diet or Fasting Required
You can eat and drink normally before the scan.
Since the procedure is quick and painless, no major preparation is needed.
During the TVS Scan
A transvaginal ultrasound typically lasts 15–30 minutes and is performed in a private, comfortable setting.
Step-by-Step Process:
- Positioning: You will be asked to lie on your back with your knees bent.
- Probe Insertion: The radiologist will place a protective cover and gel on a thin, wand-like ultrasound probe before gently inserting it into the vagina.
- Imaging: The probe is moved slightly to capture detailed images of the uterus, ovaries, and cervix.
- Completion: The probe is removed, and the radiologist wipes away the remaining gel.
Most women experience little to no discomfort during the scan, although mild pressure may be felt.
After the Scan
After the scan, you can resume normal activities immediately.
- Results are typically available immediately after the scan procedures.
- Your doctor will review the images and discuss any abnormal findings or next steps.
- If the scan was performed as part of a fertility treatment or pregnancy checkup, your doctor may recommend additional tests based on the results.
Since the procedure is non-invasive, there are no recovery restrictions.
What Other Relevant Scans Are There?
In addition to Transvaginal Ultrasound Scan, other relevant scans include:
- Abdominal & Pelvis Ultrasound: A non-invasive scan that examines reproductive organs from outside the abdomen.
- Early Pregnancy Ultrasound: to confirm pregnancy and check fetal development.
- Breast Ultrasound: for detecting lumps, cysts, or abnormalities.
- Neck Including Thyroid Ultrasound: To examine thyroid nodules, cysts, or enlargement.
Read More: Preparing for Your Early Pregnancy Scan: A Guide For New Mothers
