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A Transvaginal Scan (TVS) is a specialized ultrasound technique that provides detailed images of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and endometrial lining.
Unlike an abdominal ultrasound, which captures images from outside the abdomen, TVS scan involves inserting a thin ultrasound probe into the vagina, offering high-resolution imaging for detecting gynecological conditions and monitoring pregnancy.
TVS ultrasound is widely used in diagnosing uterine abnormalities, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), fibroids, endometriosis, and fertility issues.
Additionally, it plays a crucial role in detecting early pregnancy complications, ensuring timely medical intervention.
How TVS Helps Detect Uterine and Ovarian Abnormalities
Uterine Abnormalities
TVS ultrasound is highly effective in identifying structural abnormalities of the uterus, including:
- Fibroids: Benign growths in the uterus that may cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or fertility issues.
- Endometrial polyps: Small overgrowths in the uterine lining that can lead to irregular periods and abnormal bleeding.
- Congenital uterine anomalies: Conditions like a bicornuate uterus or septate uterus, which can impact pregnancy outcomes.
By providing a clear view of the uterine cavity, TVS scan helps diagnose these conditions early, allowing for timely treatment.
Ovarian Abnormalities
TVS ultrasound plays a key role in detecting ovarian disorders, such as:
- Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that may cause pain, bloating, or irregular periods.
- Ovarian tumors: Identifies benign or malignant growths, aiding in early cancer detection.
- Ovarian torsion: A medical emergency where the ovary twists, cutting off its blood supply.
Since ovarian abnormalities often do not present symptoms initially, a TVS scan helps detect them early, improving treatment success.
Read More: Ultrasound vs. MRI vs. CT Scan: Which One Do You Need and When?
The Role of TVS Scan in Diagnosing PCOS
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting many women of reproductive age. It is characterized by:
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Excess androgen levels (male hormones)
- Multiple small cysts in the ovaries
How Transvaginal Scan Helps Diagnose PCOS
A TVS scan is one of the most effective techniques for identifying polycystic ovaries, as it provides:
- Clear visualization of multiple ovarian follicles (small cysts).
- Measurement of ovarian volume, which is often larger in PCOS patients.
- Assessment of endometrial thickness, which can be altered due to hormonal imbalances.
Early detection of PCOS using TVS scan helps create effective treatment plans, including lifestyle changes, medication, and fertility support.
Early Detection of Fibroids and Endometriosis with TVS Ultrasound
1. Fibroids
Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that grow in or around the uterus. They can cause:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Severe pelvic pain and pressure
- Difficulty in conception
A TVS scan detects fibroid size, location, and number, making it easier to plan appropriate treatments such as medications or surgical removal.
2. Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding pelvic tissue. It leads to:
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Painful periods and intercourse
- Infertility issues
TVS scan can identify endometriotic cysts (chocolate cysts) in the ovaries, helping one diagnose and manage the condition before complications arise.
Read More: Why Is Ultrasound the Gold Standard in Fetal Medicine?
Using TVS Scan to Monitor Fertility Treatments
For women undergoing fertility treatments, a TVS scan is an essential tool in monitoring ovulation, endometrial thickness, and follicle development.
1. Tracking Ovulation
TVS scan helps confirm if and when ovulation occurs by measuring follicle size and rupture. It aids in planning timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
2. Evaluating Endometrial Lining
A healthy endometrial thickness is crucial for successful embryo implantation. TVS ultrasound helps assess the uterine lining before embryo transfer in fertility treatments.
3. Monitoring Ovarian Response to Hormonal Therapy
A transvaginal scan tracks how the ovaries respond to fertility medications, ensuring safe and effective treatment.
By providing real-time insights, TVS scan enhances the chances of successful conception for women struggling with infertility.
The Importance of TVS Scan in Early Pregnancy Complications
1. Confirming Pregnancy and Fetal Viability
TVS ultrasound detects pregnancy as early as 5–6 weeks, confirming gestational sac presence and fetal heartbeat.
2. Identifying Ectopic Pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. TVS scan helps diagnose this life-threatening condition early, preventing complications.
3. Assessing Miscarriage Risk
TVS evaluates cervical length, fetal development, and placental attachment, identifying risks of miscarriage or preterm labor.
4. Detecting Placental Abnormalities
TVS scan helps monitor placenta previa (low-lying placenta) and placental insufficiency, ensuring proper pregnancy management.
By enabling early diagnosis of pregnancy complications, it plays a crucial role in ensuring maternal and fetal health.
Read More: A Deep Dive into Follicle Tracking via Follicular Ultrasounds for Fertility Success
